Hydroxychloroquine

An antimalarial drug that interferes with Toll-like receptor signaling (TLR7/TLR9) inside immune cells, reducing the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and downstream type I interferon production. Considered foundational background therapy for nearly all SLE patients regardless of disease severity, as it reduces flares, protects against organ damage, and has favorable long-term safety with regular ophthalmologic monitoring.

Typically 200-400 mg daily, dosed by body weight to reduce retinal toxicity risk; requires periodic eye exams.

pharmaceutical